Just a few years ago, the prevailing view in the software industry was that the category of business intelligence (BI) was mature and without room for innovation. Vendors competed in terms of feature parity and incremental advancements of their platforms. But since then business intelligence has grown to include analytics, data discovery tools and big data capabilities to process huge volumes and new types of data much faster. As is often the case with change, though, this one has created uncertainty. For example, only one in 11 participants in our benchmark research on big data analytics said that their organization fully agrees on the meaning of the term “big data analytics.”
There is little question that clear definitions of analytics and business intelligence as they are used in business today would be of value. But some IT analyst firms have tried to oversimplify the process of updating these definitions by merely combining a market basket of discovery capabilities under the label of analytics. In our estimation, this attempt is neither accurate nor useful. Discovery tools are only components of business intelligence, and their capabilities cannot accomplish all the tasks comprehensive BI systems can do. Some firms seem to want to reduce the field further by overemphasizing the visualization aspect of discovery. While visual discovery can help users solve basic business problems, other BI and analytic tools are available that can attack more sophisticated and technically challenging problems. In our view, visual discovery is one of four types of analytic discovery that can help organizations identify and understand the masses of data they accumulate today. But for many organizations visualization alone cannot provide them with the insights necessary to help make critical decisions, as interpreting the analysis requires expertise that mainstream business professionals lack.
In Ventana Research’s view, business intelligence is a technology managed by IT that is designed to produce information and reports from business data to inform business about the performance of activities, people and processes. It has provided and will continue to provide great value to business, but in itself basic BI will not meet the new generation of requirements that businesses face; they need not just information but guidance on how to take advantage of opportunities, address issues and mitigate the risks of subpar performance.
The Capabilities category examines the breadth of functionality that products offer and assesses their ability to deliver the insights today’s enterprises need. For our analysis we divide this category into three subcategories for business intelligence: data, analytics and optimization. We explain each of them below.
The data subcategory of Capabilities examines data access and preparation along with supporting integration and modeling. New data sources are coming into being continually; for example, data now is generated in sensors in watches, smartphones, cars, airplanes, homes, utilities and an assortment of business, network, medical and military equipment. In addition, organizations increasingly are interested in behavioral and attitudinal data collected through various communication platforms. Examples include Web browser behavior, data mined from the Internet, social media and various survey and community polling data. The data access and integration process identifies each type of data, integrates it with all other relevant types, checks it all for quality issues, maps it back to the organization’s systems of record and master data, and manages its lineage. Master data management in particular, including newer approaches such as probabilistic matching, is a key component for creating a system that can combine data types across the organization and in the cloud to create a common organizational vernacular for the use of data.
Ascertaining which systems must be accessed and how is a primary challenge for today’s business intelligence platforms. A key part of data access is the user interface. Whether it appears in an Internet browser, a laptop, a smartphone, a tablet or a wearable device, data must be presented in a manner optimized for the interface. Examining the user interface for business intelligence systems was a primary interest of our 2014 Mobile Business Intelligence Value Index. In that research, we learned that vendors are following divergent paths and that it may be hard for some to change course as they continue. Therefore how a vendor manages mobile access and other new means impacts its products’ value for particular organizations.
Once data is accessed, it must be modeled in a useful way. Data models in the form of OLAP cubes and predefined relationships of data sometimes grow overly complex, but there is value in premodeling data in ways that make sense to business people, most of whom are not up to modeling it for themselves. Defining data relationships and transforming data through complex manipulations is often needed, for instance, to define performance indicators that align with an organization’s business initiatives. These manipulations can include business rules or what-if analysis within the context of a model or external to it. Finally, models must be flexible so they do not hinder the work of organizational users. The value of premodeling data is that it provides a common view for business users so they need not redefine data relationships that have already been thoroughly considered.
The analytics subcategory includes analytic discovery, prediction and integration. Discovery and prediction roughly map to the ideas of exploratory and confirmatory analytics, which I have discussed. Analytic discovery includes calculation and visualization processes that enable users to move quickly and easily through data to create the types of information they need for business purposes. Complementing it is prediction, which typically follows discovery. Discovery facilitates root-cause and historical analysis, but to look ahead and make decisions that produce desired business outcomes, organizations need to track various metrics and make informed predictions. Analytic integration encompasses customization of both discovery and predictive analytics and embedding them in other systems such as applications and portals.
The optimization subcategory includes collaboration, organizational management, information optimization, action and automation. Collaboration is a key consideration for today’s analytic platforms. It includes the ability to publish, share and coordinate various analytic and business intelligence functions. Notably, some recently developed collaboration platforms incorporate many of the characteristics of social platforms such as Facebook or LinkedIn. Organizational management attempts to manage to particular outcomes and sometimes provides performance indicators and scorecard frameworks. Action assesses how technology directly assists decision-making in an operational context. This includes gathering inputs and outputs for collaboration before and after a decision, predictive scoring that prescribes action and delivery of the information in the correct form to the decision-maker. Finally, automation triggers alerts in circumstances based on statistical triggers or rules and should be managed as part of a workflow. Agent technology takes automation to a level that is more proactive and autonomous.
In our view, it’s important to consider business intelligence software in a broad business context rather than in artificially separate categories that are designed for IT only. We advise organizations seeking to gain a competitive edge to adopt a multifaceted strategy that is business-driven, incorporates a complete view of BI and analytics, and uses the comprehensive evaluation criteria we apply.
Regards,
Tony Cosentino
VP and Research Director